'Comic and rising TV star Stewart Lee thinks that money might kill American stand-up. But its sitcoms are still the best in the world. And it's about time that complacent Britain learned how to do it..'
So ran an introduction to Stewart
Lee's article in The Guardian in August 1998 ('And here's another funny thing'). The article was
culled from a lecture entitled 'Why American Stand Up
Sucks', which was bandied about at both the Montreal
'Just For Laughs' comedy festival (in front of American
TV executives) and in a pub in North London (in front of his
friends). Stewart Lee is renowned in media circles as having
interesting opinions. Sadly this doesn't necessarily mean
they're correct. As an affectionate tribute to Stewart Lee we
will dissect his arguments in a way that he would respect - by
using logic...
Stewart Lee's basic stance is that Britain needs a
'properly-run comedy industry', similar to that of
America. He believes that the resources available to wannabe comedy
writers in America breeds talent which guarantees a steady flow of
excellent sitcoms, and we would do well to learn from their
example. He points to Friends as an good example of
longevity and quality working in tandem, and compares it with our
six-week sit-com stints which often result in feebleness and
failure. He appears to be campaigning for 'teams of comedy
writers' to work on comedy shows over here in order to
increase the number of episodes and enable us to compete on equal
terms with the USA.
Stewart Lee is wrong. For the following reasons.
Firstly, whatever Stewart Lee may think, the situation he
advocates does actually already exist over here, and has done for
years. It's called Smith & Jones. Scores of
comedy writers have contributed to this and other such shows,
viewing it as just another stepping stone in a desperate quest for
Radio Times-friendly status. Generally, for wannabe comedy
writers, the Smith & Jones period comes between
Week Ending (as was) and their Radio 4 series but
before their first TV pilot. The ultimate goal with these writers
is to present their own TV series, but - until that day -
they'll be quite content to pen 30-second quickies about
people who clean windscreens at traffic lights. And, along the way,
none of these people give a flying fuck about the shows they
contribute to in the meantime.
These 'teams of writers' are simply used (by
producers, who sadly don't seem to care either way) to prop
up, rather than breathe new life into, sagging mainstays of the BBC
Light Entertainment Department on which no one else can be bothered
to work. The shows then suffer from a severe case of diminishing
humour, as the increasingly derivative nature of the material
becomes more and more obvious: the writers essentially work to
rule, re-hashing old routines into new situations, ensuring that an
'adequate' standard is maintained (no better, no worse than
the previous series) without actually presenting anything original,
surprising or indeed very funny. Why risk alienating half your
audience with provocative and interesting material (something the
BBC's always banging on about despite seldom showing evidence
of it), when you can get a polite group of backroom boys to emulate
the styles of the past so it fits the brief nicely?
The upshot of all this? Writing teams keep a mainstream
programme popular while simultaneously building up a CV which fools
producers into thinking that, because someone has spent the last
four years putting words into the mouth of Mel Smith (not to
mention Angus Deayton, Clive Anderson, Jack Docherty...), they must
automatically be worthy of their own series. It's only when
that series is transmitted and displays the same abject lack of
originality as the tired old routines they sold to producers in the
past that the full horror of the situation is revealed.
ITV's Stuff The Week is a recent example of
this.
This is a nightmare scenario for comedy. There's nothing
worse than a comedy show where you can smell the writers
meetings, shows where writers have clearly thought 'hmmm -
yes, that'll work' rather than chewing the carpet in
hysterics. Far removed from the grass-roots level of comedy,
'teams of writers' do little more than create and
endorse political and social clichés, creating material that
is as worthless as it is unfunny. The only benefit is to future
producers who, knowing full well that an audience will accept such
shallow imitations as the norm, will do the same thing over
again.
Writing comedy for other performers is often seen as a way of
'developing your craft'. In this country it just teaches
you to be lazy. If the attitude is 'I'm not being paid
properly so why should I do this properly' (which appears to be
the subtext to Stewart Lee's argument) then not only should you
be ousted from the comedy world unless you can prove your worth,
you should also be shot.
Stewart Lee's other argument is that American sitcoms are
the best in the world. This is a cliché which the likes of
Garry Bushell seem to regard as a radical view and akin to holding
up a beautiful new-born baby without noticing all the shit, piss
and puke all over your trousers. Unfortunately, comedy agencies
have latched on to this media non-opinion and appear to be
cynically cashing in on the lies. A recent PR handout from Avalon
claimed that David Baddiel was writing 'An American-style
sitcom' for Sky TV. Get the hidden agenda there - not a boring
dour old British sitcom with vicars and pants but a nice successful
money-spinning 'American-style' sitcom.
The plain truth is that our sitcom business is about as healthy
as theirs. No better, no worse. The fact that Friends
and Frasier appear to exhibit a degree of
quality control in their scripts is testament more to the Channel 4
executives who discovered them than to the American companies that
make them. After all, for every Seinfeld broadcast on
BBC2, there's at least a dozen unholy Yank dirges like
Fat Sam's Topical Diner or My Neighbor Has Two
Robots, sitcoms which no British commissioning editor would
touch with a barge-pole. We essentially get the best of a mixed
lot.
Similarly, Americans think that Arthur Lowe and Leonard Rossiter
shine out of our limey arses, but that's because
they're blissfully unaware of the camp bloke from Is It
Legal?. To claim that the British sitcom climate is in dire
straits is equally ignorant. We have one or two superb shows and a
lot of rubbish ones, but the Brit-to-Yank ratio is pretty much
identical. Pouring more money into our industry, to compete
with that of America's, would simply result in a few more
good sitcoms, and twice as many bad ones. The ratio would remain
the same.
It's also worth pointing out that a lot of the American
gold often amounts to a hill of beans. Friends,
Frasier and Seinfeld are written by teams of
writers, all living in fear of their jobs. This isn't healthy
for them or for comedy, and it inevitably means that the
personalised vision behind certain British sitcoms (The
Likely Lads, Till Death Us Do Part, Porridge)
would be impossible under such a regime. British sitcoms concern
the activities of wretched, pathetic, repulsive, depressed, filthy
nobodies who battle with a half-hour existential crisis in every
episode. A good, heartstring-tugging edition of Steptoe &
Son pisses all over Pinter. American sitcoms, meanwhile,
excel in manicured one-liners: all quite witty but ultimately
ephemeral. Most of us enjoyed Roseanne in its heyday,
for example...but can we quote any of it now?
If American sitcoms hit the ground running and keep to a
standard, it's generally because the inoffensive,
non-claustrophobic setting doesn't ask for much more than a
steady stream of wry wisecracks or doe-eyed semantic
misunderstandings to suit each character. The plots are kept simple
and likeable, and as long as nobody throws in a complicated premise
(e.g., Friends - 'The One Where Ross Sprouts
Wings And Flies Out Of The Window'), everyone's happy.
It's bland but cheerful.
Stewart Lee's most curious argument concerns the number of
episodes allocated to each series. He believes that, if we have 24
episodes in each series, this will bring us in line with
international standards and will be really great.
Stewart Lee criticises Geoffrey Perkins (Head Of Comedy at the
BBC) for denying his and Richard Herring's request for their
series Fist Of Fun to run for eight episodes rather
than six (so that they could, after a few series, string them
together to reach the minimum episode total for American
networking). This seems, well, arrogant to say the least. He
points out that the 'six episodes' rule is
non-negotiable and disabling, despite the fact that, historically,
it's been quite flexible - French &
Saunders had seven shows from its third series onwards,
Have I Got News For You generally runs at eight, in
common with the last series of The Fast Show, and
favourites like Shooting Stars have very irregular
lengths, designed to fit in with seasonal scheduling. On
reflection, six shows seems quite generous for a double act new to
TV.
In any case, the 'six episodes' rule is easily
explained. In the 1950s, there were two rigid broadcasting seasons
of 13 weeks which were reserved for established series, and these
generally started in January and October. This left the summer free
to be filled with less 'important' (and perhaps more
experimental) output. In order to develop as many programmes as
possible while not wasting money, these were commissioned for
six-week runs. This practice has continued, and '6' and
'13' continue to be the numbers around which
experimental and established programmes are respectively
commissioned. (Dull, but true. Do your research, Stewart Lee.)
The point is, the argument Stewart Lee puts forward seems
worryingly self-serving. He offers no proof that the viewer
will be better off with more shows per series, but plenty of proof
that he will be able to break into a career in America if his evil
plan comes into fruition. After all, that's where the money
is. That's why the Monty Python business these days seems to
be geared towards the American audience, leaving us Brits with a
feeling of getting it second hand.
And, on the subject of past comedy shows, why on earth should we
be trying to compete with American styles of working anyway?
It's a general rule of thumb over here that four series is
usually one too many. Name one TV comedy show whose fourth series
didn't show signs of barrel-scraping and repetition, and
we'll show you The All New Alexei Sayle
Show.
Monty Python's Flying Circus peaked at
Series 2, started to merrily repeat itself by Series 3, and then
tailed off unhappily by Series 4. Absolutely followed
a remarkably similar path. The first series of The Fast
Show scrabbled in the dark looking for a formula, found it
by Series 2, but turned smugly flippant and useless by Series
3.
Stewart Lee cites Fawlty Towers as an example of
British ineptness, pointing out that it only lasted for twelve
shows because everyone involved 'got too tired'. Even
allowing for Stewart Lee's ignorance of the fact that there
was a gap of four years between the two six-show series, it's
incredible that he believes this. Fawlty Towers
ceased at twelve shows because of an artistic decision by John
Cleese not to allow the show to repeat itself. Cleese also felt
that the level of expectation would be unfair on everyone involved,
and would merely result in a series which was audience-pleasing and
dull. In Stewart Lee's brave new world, the show would
presumably have continued until the present day, changing writers
along the way (Marks and Gran would have had a go, then Marshall
and Renwick, Clement and La Frenais, Linehan and Mathews), each
using the original twelve episodes as a template for their
efforts.
Worse still, imagine that Monty Python's Flying
Circus had continued, past 1974, and had simply changed
cast members along the way like its oft-cited American equivalent,
Saturday Night Live. By 1979, the show would have
segued into the Not The Nine O'Clock News team,
a few years later it would have embraced the New Wave, by the
nineties it would have involved some of Vic Reeves' drinking
friends...and now? Big Train, obviously. The only
link to its legacy being occasional guest appearances by classic
Python members like Eric Idle, Terry Jones and Jimmy Mulville, and
some Gilliam-esque animations put together by a Soho-based computer
graphics studio. Flying Circus would have long ago
ceased being a 'revolutionary show, pushing back the
boundaries of TV comedy' and morphed into just another training
ground for writer/performers. Comedy Nation with
A-levels.
So, in conclusion, our argument is that 'more will equal
less'. There's already too much comedy, not enough of
it funny enough to push the writer/performer above the level of
'someone who really wants a career in comedy'. There
are also, it seems, not enough producers who care enough about the
creative process to realise just how many humour-deaf chancers
there are trying to carve their way into the spotlight. Increasing
the amount of money won't create a better comedy industry. It
will simply produce more of the above, all promoted too quickly
above their level of competence.
Good comedy comes from mavericks, people who work against
their audiences. Good comedy should be constantly surprising. A
career developed while writing dreary routines about why Mel Smith
never pays for a drink isn't going to teach you anything.
We don't need 'teams of writers' roaming the land,
writing scripts to a fixed humour level. How about we start with
'better writers' and 'better producers who recognise
the talents of those better writers'. Set the humour-level at
100% and deter anybody who's less than half-good from putting
that 'really funny Tellytubbies joke' on paper. Attract
writers who care about the comedy business and the audience in
equal measures. If we can do that and there's still enough
scribblers left in the backroom to make a team then
tally-ho. Go for it.
Yes, there's room for improvement in the comedy business -
that's one thing we agree with Stewart Lee about. But we come
to this (non-existent) debate from a fans' point of view
whereas Stewart Lee comes from the perspective of an insider trying
to make his job easier. Lazy fuckers, comedians...